Different Aspects of Life of International Students Essay - 2

Various Aspects of Life of International Students - Essay Example There are a couple of quantities of understudies who don't endure the social issues, while then again there are numerous others who need to confront numerous obstacles on account of the absence of comprehension with the host societies (Luget 2014; Mason 2002). Notwithstanding the social perspectives, there are numerous different issues, which can make an issue for the settlement of the understudy in the global condition, which isn't at all his country. In this paper, the subject of the exploration is the worries of life of a global postgraduate understudy. Before the finish of the paper, we will have the option to feature significant issues in light of the examination dependent on a real meeting of a postgraduate understudy. There are numerous classifications of the subjective meetings as depicted by the exploration. The three most basic sorts of such meetings are organized, semi-organized and unstructured meetings. The organized meetings all the more oftentimes aftermath from sharp quantitative information and along these lines the organization of this exploration study would be on either semi-organized or unstructured meeting, ideally semi-organized (Robert 2013; Saunders 2006). The unstructured meetings for the most part allude towards the assortment of observational information while then again, semi-organized meetings are the unrivaled dependable hotspot for subjective exploration. Semi-organized meetings are worried about the around as of now built open-finished inquiries, or we can say free conclusion based inquiries. One inquiry direct the meeting towards the following inquiry. More inquiries could follow identifying with the past one, and the entire viewpoint could be brought into light (Robert 2013; Saunders 2006). The most appropriate kind of meeting for the examination is semi-organized arrangement on account of the idea of inquiries. As the point is ‘Different parts of an existence of a universal postgraduate student,’ it would consistently be a superior plan to increase a profound knowledge about the recognitions and the genuine challenges, which an understudy may look in a remote culture.

Contract Law: Frustration Essay

Question Martina claims two houses in Loughchester. In May, she went into an agreement with Loughchester University for it to lease the houses for the coming scholastic year for use as understudy settlement. The University paid Martina  £750 straight away, with the lease to be paid to Martina by the University month to month falling behind financially. Martina then connected with Roger Roofers Ltd to do fixes on the tops of the houses, to be finished by 23 September, in time for the appearance of the understudies. She paid Roger Roofers  £1,000, with the equalization of  £3,000 to be paid on fruition of the work. Consider the impact on Martina’s agreements of the accompanying occasions. (an) On 1 September, when Roger Roofers had finished work on the principal house, yet not began the second, the subsequent house was struck by lightning, causing a fire that wrecked the two houses. (b) As in (a), yet just the subsequent house was demolished. The main house got away from harm. (c) As an outcome of a surprising limitation on understudy numbers forced by the administration, Loughchester University enlisted less understudies for its courses than it had expected and had an overflow of settlement. It told Martina on 20 September that it would not have to utilize her homes, and viewed their agreement as at an end. It likewise mentioned the reimbursement of the  £750 previously paid. ANSWER The precept of dissatisfaction applies when there is a difference in conditions, after the determination of an agreement; thus rendering the agreement difficult to perform or denying the agreement of its business reason by the event of a surprising occasion not because of the demonstration or default of either party. In case of a contact being baffled the agreement is released at that date. Instances of a portion of the unanticipated occasions that have been recognized as offering ascend to dissatisfaction are decimation of the topic (Taylor v Caldwell (1863)), government impedance (BP Exploration v Hunt (1982)), happening illicitness (Denny, Mott and Dickson v James Fraser (1944)), strikes (The Nema (1982)) and sick wellbeing (Condor v Barron Knights (1966)). The Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943 was passed to give a reasonable arrangement of misfortunes where an agreement is released by dissatisfaction. The principle arrangements in the 1943 Act are s.1(2), which manages recuperation of cash paid or payable before the baffling occasion (Gamerco SA v ICM/Fair Warning Agency (1995)), and s.1(3), which dealsâ with benefits offered preceding that occasion. In any case, despite the fact that in specific conditions s 2(3) of the Act permits recuperation for benefits presented before the disappointing occasion, in BP Exploration v Hunt (1979), it was held that the baffling occasion has had an impact of crushing the advantage, nothing will be recoverable under s.1(3). Circumstance (a) In the principal circumstance, the two houses have been wrecked. As per the Implied Term Theory Test in Taylor v Caldwell (1863), the total decimation of the particular articles essential for execution of the agreement will disappoint it. As respects the agreement with the University, for a long time it was imagined that the regulation of dissatisfaction couldn't have any significant bearing to a rent for the explanation that a rent made an enthusiasm for land and that enthusiasm for land was unaffected by the supposed baffling occasion †Cricklewood Property Investment Trust v Leighton’s Investment Trusts Ltd (1945). In any case, this view was dismissed by the House of Lords in National Carriers Ltd v Panalpina (Northern) Ltd (1981), it was held that a rent could be baffled whenever proposed utilization of the land got unimaginable. Along these lines in accordance with this, the utilization of the land for the convenience of the understudies was difficult to utilize once more. Subsequently the University’s commitment to pay lease will be released. Anyway would it be able to recoup the  £750 that it has just paid? As per S.1(2) permits cash paid preceding the disappointing occasion to be returned, regardless of whether there is an all out disappointment of thought, and monies due before the date of dissatisfaction stop to be payable. S.1 (2) likewise takes into account the recuperation or maintenance of cash to cover costs brought about according to the agreement. The degree of such an honor is at the prudence of the court and is restricted to the sum paid or due to be paid before the baffling occasion. Then again, Martina will contend that she has gone through cash setting up the houses for understudy settlement, and that she ought to in this manner have the option to hold the  £750. Anyway in Gamerco SA v ICM/Fair Warning Agency (1995), it was clarified that since costs have been acquired this doesn't consequently imply that maintenance of cash paid will be permitted. Consequently, the court will think about the entirety of the conditions, before choosing what a simply result is. Along these lines, on the realities given, Martina might be permitted to hold a few or the entirety of the  £500 towards her costs. By the by, it ought to be noticed that s 1(2) does notâ allow her to be granted more than the  £750 that has just been paid, regardless of whether her costs surpass this sum. The agreement among Martina and Roger Roofers will be baffled, as the work can't be finished. S.1 (2) gives that cash paid before the baffling occasion is recoverable; in this way permitting Martina to recoup the  £1,000. Anyway Roger Roofers may contend that its costs far surpass the  £1,000 and that everything ought to be held. Under s.1 (3) a simply aggregate can be granted by the court to Roger Roofers for the work done on the main house to make up for this. However, under the custom-based law, this would have been unimaginable, since the choice in Appleby v Myers (1867) set up that where the commitment to pay for work doesn't emerge until after the baffling occasion, no pay for work done is recoverable. In this manner, Roger Roofers won't have the option to recuperate anything under s 1(3), paying little heed to the way that it has accomplished a large portion of the work under the agreement. Circumstance (b) Here it includes one house being demolished, that is, the agreement might be baffled. According to the agreement among Martina and the University, the agreement can at present oblige understudies. It was just one house that was devastated. Be that as it may, the primary issue here will be whether the agreement has become ‘radically different’ based on what was proposed by the gatherings. The disappointing occasion rendered the agreement inconceivable, illicit, or drastically not the same as that which was initially consented to (Davis Contractors Ltd v Fareham (1956)). Reference to cases, for example, Krell v Henry (1903) and Herne Bay Steam Boat Company v Hutton (1903), the excursions round the narrows could in any case be made. Less guests were probably going to profit themselves of the chance, and along these lines the agreement to recruit the pontoon for planned visits was probably going to be less rewarding yet not feasible nor in a general sense not quite the same as the exhibition concurred. Also, the agreement among Martina and the University is less valuable yet there is no explanation with regards to why it might be disappointed. Martina could contend that the agreement was really baffled since else she might be obligated for break in giving just one house, as opposed to two. Subsequently, the agreement is in actuality ‘radically different’, since just 50% of it very well may be performed. Hence, the 1943 Act will be applied same as in circumstance (a). The agreement with Roger Roofers is disappointed, since the fruition of its work is unimaginable. Anyway the house on which theâ roofing work has been done did endure the disappointing occasion. Therefore, Roger Roofers will utilize this to get remuneration under s 1(3) of the 1943 Act. As Martina got an important advantage in that she presently has a house with a fixed rooftop. In this way, the court will consider the way that Martina needs to something to roger Roofers notwithstanding the  £1,000 previously paid. Given that about a large portion of the work has been done, subsequently a further  £1,000 may be given to him, to bring her installment up to a large portion of the agreement cost. Circumstance (c) In this circumstance, it was the government’s limitation on understudy numbers that might be viewed as the baffling occasion. Along these lines, this obviously influences the agreement among Martina and the University; consequently the agreement with Roger Roofers ought to be dismissed. The government’s intercession can prompt the dissatisfaction of an agreement. In Metropolitan Water Board v Dick Kerr (1918) included the ordering of property in war time. The issue with the University is that, a few understudies were mentioning settlement, however they allotted them to premises other than Martina’s houses. Be that as it may, the regulation of disappointment won't work if the baffling occasion was self-prompted (Maritime National Fish Ltd v Ocean Trawlers Ltd [1935] AC 524). This constraint to the teaching will apply even where the decision is just, concerning which agreement to break, as in the Super Servant Two [1990]. In dispensing understudies convenience other than Martina, the University practiced decision. Along these lines the agreement isn't baffled. The University has penetrated their agreement with Martina. Thus she will be permitted to hold the  £750 previously paid. Some other misfortunes would be recoverable, subject to the standard principles on remoteness and causation. Despite what might be expected, under s.1(2) which permits cash paid before the baffling occasion to be returned, regardless of whether there is a complete disappointment of thought, and monies due preceding the date of dissatisfaction stop to be payable; the college may contend that they should recuperate cash to cover costs brought about corresponding to the agreement. The degree of such an honor is at the prudence of the court and is constrained to the sum paid or due to be paid before the disappointing occasion.

Word of the Week! Synecdoche Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Synecdoche Richmond Writing Ever wondered why we say The Press today, when so much news is not printed? Its an example of synecdoche. Lee Chaharyn, of URs Collegiate Licensing Special Projects, nominated this excellent word. Though not part of my everyday parlance, it serves a wonderful purpose. I hope to use it; no other word quite fits its meaning. The word reared its head not long ago. In what may soon be forgotten amid a tumult of worse news, a media event involving a Sharpie marker provided a synecdoche for how the Executive Branch of government conducts business. Whatever you thought of that news item, it did bring a worthy word back onto stage. A 15th Century loan-word from Latin,  as the OED puts it, synecdoche occurs when a more inclusive term is used for a less inclusive one or vice versa. Only examples suffice here: Our family represents the nation. (For good or ill) We need more boots on the ground. (Boots stands in for more people in that place) We broke bread together. (I do hope you ate other things). Society is to blame! (All of them? In a Monty Python skit, after a murderer pleads this, a detective replies Agreed. Well be charging them too.) In academic writing, its wise to avoid some examples like the last. They can lead a novice writer into sweeping generalizations such as Society supports stronger protection for minors. I find it hard to believe that 300-million-plus Americans could agree to anything, in 2019. So qualify that claim or be ready to pile on credible evidence. There are few alternatives to our Word of the Week. Its not quite accurate to use microcosm as a synonym for synecdoche, since a microcosm works only one way, showing how something   particular can represent something general, as in the convicted teachers constant drinking served as a microcosm for all the problems at the dysfunctional school. One cannot reverse microcosm as one can for synecdoche, without employing the less-common macrocosm. We might fall back on symbolize to represent how a part can indicate something about a whole, but reversing it, so the gridlock in Congress symbolized the troubles in the Smith family makes no sense. Mr. Smith may have gone to Washington, but. . . Embody might bridge the gap, as in the gridlock in Congress embodied so many smaller problems, yet that use of embody bothers me. Id prefer precision or a different synecdoche. Please send us words and metaphors useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image of printing press courtesy of Wikipedia Commons.

10 Most Intelligent Animals

Importance of Human Resource Management Essay - 1177 Words

Human resource is the most valuable asset of an organisation as it is the source of operational performance and competitive advantage in an organisation. An asset, by definition, is a useful or valuable thing or person. An organisation comprises of three types of assets, namely; financial assets, physical assets (infrastructure and equipment), intangible assets. Intangible assets include intellectual capital (patents, copyrights and trademarks), social capital and human capital. The creative thinking potential of an organisation’s current employees (Bolton, 1996), is the organisation’s most valuable asset, as people are the driving force within companies seeking to differentiate themselves in these competitive markets. Business in the†¦show more content†¦Human capital is the most abundant, adaptive and accessible resource, making it cost-effective and efficient for organisations to survive and prosper in the process of globalisation, international competition and technology (Sondhi and Nirmal, 2013). Therefore, the most distinguishing asset necessary to an organisation for bringing new and improved offerings to the marketplace and increasing productivity, is human capital. Innovation demands a robust human capital that is fully engaged, thoroughly developed and skillfully deployed (Serino, 2013). The human resource function plays a critical role in an effective human capital as an organisational strategic asset. By aligning the human resource function with business strategies, the ability to execute strategy well is a source of competitive advantage and people are the lynchpin of strategy execution (Becker, 2001). 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The Bloody Chamber Notes Free Essays

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The Bloody Chamber Quotes – ‘like an extraordinarily precious slit throat’ – ‘bright as arterial blood’ – ‘faery solitude’ – ‘so many mirrors’ – ‘as if he were stripping the leaves off an artichoke’ – ‘instruments of mutilation’ – ‘the walls†¦gleamed as if they were sweating with fright’ – ‘an armful of the same lilies with which he had filled my bedroom’ – ‘the trumpets of the angels of death’ Characters – Heroine – ‘seventeen and knew nothing of the world’ – ‘the white-faced girl from Paris’ – ‘I was only a baby’ – Marquis – ‘dark leonine shape of his head’ – ‘opulent male scent’ – ‘dark mane’ – ‘waxen face’ Mother – ‘indomitable mother ’ – ‘wild thing’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Juxtaposition – ‘lascivious tenderness’ – Metaphor – the Marquis as a beast, or as God – ‘the eye of God – his eye’ – ‘Subterranean privacy’ of the chamber – likening bloody chamber to Hell – Form – Castle is a Gothic reinterpretation of the fairytale template – Reworked fairy tales – Carter called them ‘new stories’ not ‘versions’ – Short stories maximise the impact of Carter’s messages – Novelette – the slow pace of which mirrors the brief lifestyle of the heroine in her new life Structure – Long descriptive paragraphs followed by very short sentences e. g. ‘Dead as his wives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bloody Chamber Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now ’ – isolated simile – Longer sentences with commas increase the suspense, short sentences create a sense of fear – Ellipsis also used AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations – Child like language – ‘Baby mustn’t play with grownups’ toys’ (see EK, COW) – Fairy tale motifs – ‘All the better to see you’ – links to fairy-tale form (see EK, LOTHOL) – References to the modern world – ‘shrilling of the telephone’ (see COML) – Aggressive male language – ‘pistons ceaselessly thrusting’ (see EK) Gothic Features – Weather/setting – Castle is isolated, heroine sees its ‘faery solitude’ – how she chooses to view it, away from reality – Walls of the chamber ‘sweating with fright’ – as if guilty themselves – Marquis calls bloody chamber his ‘enfer’ – French word for Hell, ‘subterranean privacy’, ‘like the door of Hell’ – Carter contrasts light and dark – ‘Lights! More lights! ’ – Foreshadowing – ‘the necklace that prefigures your end’, ‘bright as arterial blood’, ‘like an extraordinarily precious slit throat’ – all foreshadow the heroine’s decapitation Heroine escapes her fate – makes her an even stronger character – Dominant males – Marquis likened to God and a lion/animal – Passive females – Heroine accepts her fate quickly – Religi on – Marquis is placed in the role of God – Refers to the heroine as ‘my little nun’, pornography referred to as ‘prayer-books’ shows Marquis’ lack of religion – Bloody chamber as Hell – see setting – Supernatural – ‘as if the key itself were hurt, the bloody token stuck’ AO4 – contextual factors and how they affect the text – Angela Carter was a feminist – Published in 1979 – after the sexual revolution of the 1960s ‘Carter flirts with elements of the Gothic in many of the tales’ – S. Roberts – Same for all texts The Courtship of Mr Lyon Quotes – ‘one white, perfect rose’ – ‘there was no living person in the hall’ – ‘a lion is a lion and a man is a man’ – ‘there was an air of exhaustion†¦ in the house’ – ‘her own image reflected there’ (i n the Beast’s eyes) – ‘Fast as you can’ – ‘an attic, with a sloping roof’ – ‘the roses†¦were all dead’ – ‘as if, curious reversal, she frightened him’ Characters – Beauty – ‘looked as if she had been carved out of a single pearl’ ‘she smiled at herself with satisfaction’ – ‘Miss Lamb, spotless, sacrificial’ – Beast – ‘some kind of sadness in his agate eyes’ – ‘a man with an unkempt mane of hair’ – ‘he was so different from herself’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Extensive imagery of snow symbolises Beauty’s purity – ‘white and unmarked as†¦ bridal satin’ – Personification of the house – ‘the chandelier tinkled†¦ as if emitting a pleased chuckleâ₠¬â„¢ – ‘Pearl’ – pure, beautiful, valuable – Form – Reworked fairy tales – Carter called them ‘new stories’ not ‘versions’ Carter extracts ‘latent content’ – Short stories maximise the impact of Carter’s messages – Beauty and The Beast – both characters change, not just the Beast – role reversal of princess in the tower – Structure – ‘I hope he’ll be safe’ – no speech marks, highlighting Beauty’s lack of a voice AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations – References to the modern world – ‘the snow brought down all the telephone wires’ (see BC, LOTHOL) – Fairy tale references – she reads ‘elegant French fairy tales’, ‘Fast as you can’ (see BC, EK, LOTHOL) Gothic Features – Weather/setting ‘Palladian house that s eemed to hide itself shyly’ = ‘he forced himself to master his shyness’ – ‘Thin ghost of light on the verge of extinction’ – no signs of Spring at the Beast’s house – reflects what has happened to him – Bloody chamber = Beast’s attic – he is trapped and dying, claustrophobic setting – Roses die as the beast dies: ‘The roses†¦were all dead’ – Countryside = place of purity and femininity, town = masculine place of corruption – Foreshadowing – ‘she smiled at herself in mirrors a little too often’ – pride comes before a fall – Dominant males – no longer dominant ‘a cracked whisper of his former purr’ – ‘I am sick and I must die’ – Passive females – Objectification of women – she is called ‘Beauty’ but gets an identity at the end – ‘Mrs Lyon’ – Supernatural – Magic of the house – her father can call the garage even though the phone lines are down – ‘All the natural laws of the world were held in suspension here’ The Tiger’s Bride Quotes – ‘my father lost me to The Beast in cards’ – ‘I have lost my pearl’ – ‘the lamb must learn to run with the tigers’ Characters – Heroine – ‘always the pretty one’ – ‘Christmas rose’ – ‘no more than a king’s ransom’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – description of â€Å"glossy, nut-brown curls† and â€Å"rosy cheeks† is repeated to highlight the similarities between the narrator and her â€Å"clockwork twin – Structure – Heroine is given a voice unlike Beauty in COML – objectification of women in a different way – Written in the past tense but changes occasionally to the present to suggest continuity The Erl King Quotes – ‘Erl-King will do you grievous harm’ – ‘the wood swallows you up’ – ‘the stark elders have an anorexic look’ – ‘everything in the wood is exactly as it seems’ ‘easy to lose yourself’ – ‘What big eyes you have’ Characters – Erl-King – ‘an excellent housewife’ – ‘came alive from the desire of the woods’ – ‘ tender butcher’ – ‘skin the rabbit, he says! ’ – ‘Eyes green as apples. Green as dead sea fruit’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Oxymorons such as â€Å"the tender butcher† and â€Å"appalling succulence† highlight the narrator’s conflict – Isolated similes such as â€Å"green as dead sea fruit† add emphasis to the comparisons – Metaphor is used to link sex to drowning e. You read "The Bloody Chamber Notes" in category "Essay examples" g. his ‘dress of water’ that ‘drenches’ her Structure – ‘Erl-King will do you grievous harm’ – one line paragraph to emphasise significance – Switches between tenses and points of view in order to disorient the reader, creating a Gothic sense of uncertainty, and reflecting the feelings of the protagonist AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations – Fairy tale references – ‘What big eyes you have’ (see BC, EK) – Superstition – ‘he says the Devil spits on them at Michaelmas’ (see W, COW) – Aggressive language – ‘he could thrust me into the seed-bed’ (see BC) Gothic Features – Weather/setting Wood is personified and isolated – ‘the wood swallows you up’ – More fairy-tale than Gothic – Bloody Chamber = Erl-King’s dwelling – Idea of confinement – ‘vertical bars of a brass-coloured distillation of light’ look like bars of a prison/cage – Erl-King can tie ‘up the winds in his handkerchief’ – Dominant males – childlike, less predatory – Romantic hero, she falls in love with him – Passive females – none, she is mature and purposeful – Supernatural – ‘magic lasso of inhuman mus ic’ – He has a ‘bird call’ – Religion – ‘he says the Devil spits on them at Michaelmas’ The Snow Child Quotes – ‘midwinter – ‘invincible, immaculate’ – ‘the Countess hated her’ – ‘a feather†¦a bloodstain†¦and the rose’ – ‘It bites! ’ – ‘the whole world was white’ – ‘a masculine fantasy’ – Cristina Bacchilega Characters – Snow Child – ‘as white as snow’ – ‘as black as that bird’s feather’ – ‘as red as blood’ – ‘the child of his desire’ – ‘high, black, shining boots with scarlet heels’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Alliteration of ‘invicible, immaculate’ exaggerates the extremity of the weather – Rose is a symbol of femininity or the vagina Snow Child bleeds, symbolising menstruation – Bite symbolises the suffering that accompanies bein g female – childbirth, hymen breaking, menstruation – Form – Vignette – a small, literary sketch – Structure – Written in the 3rd person but from the perspective of the Count – ‘So the girl picks a rose; pricks her finger on the thorn; bleeds; screams; falls. ’ – isolated paragraph, one sentence, uses idea of ‘three’ AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations Gothic Features – Weather/setting – Bloody Chamber = Snow Child’s vagina – ‘White’ setting and snow symbolises purity and virginity, Dominant males – Masculine control of female identity – Count = Marquis from BC – Creates both women – Countess cannot exist without a Count – Passive females – Countess belongs to Count – she is only a Countess because of him – Price of being the Countess – subservience and a loss of iden tity – Neither female can exist without the Count – he gives them their power – One must die for the other to survive – Literal objectification of women – Count undresses and dresses Countess as he pleases, creates Snow Child – Incestuous rape – she was not expected to receive pleasure in having sex, she was his sexual object The Lady of the House of Love Quotes – ‘Vous serez ma proie’ – ‘Too many roses’ – ‘Now you are at the place of annihilation’ – ‘Fee fie fo fum, I smell the blood of an Englishman’ – ‘A single kiss woke up the Sleeping Beauty in the Wood’ – ‘wisdom, death, dissolution’ – ‘chinoiserie escritoire’ – ‘this ornate and rotting place’ – ‘Can a bird†¦learn a new song? ’ – ‘the bicycle is the product of pure reason applied to motion’ Characters – Countess – ‘her beauty is an abnormality’ – ‘hunger always overcomes her’ – ‘white lace negligee stained a little with blood’ ‘the fangs and talons of a beast of prey’ – ‘a cave full of echoes’ – ‘the fragility of the skeleton of a mothâ €™ – Soldier – ‘pentacle of his virginity’ – ‘youth, strength and blonde beauty’ – ‘symbol of rationality’ (bicycle) – ‘the trenches of France’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Foreign words are slipped into the narrative – allows reader to enter Countess’s bilingual mind e. g. ‘chinoiserie escritoire’ meaning Chinese-style desk/cabinet – Form – Reworked fairy tales – Carter called them ‘new stories’ not ‘versions’ Short stories maximise the impact of Carter’s messages – Structure – Broken up by inset couplets of thoughts, either fairy tale villains’ famous lines, or menacing French phrases, which suggest this is the inner voice of her predatory nature – increase ambiguity – Story is divided in two – first half is present tense, second half is past tense – more fairy-tale like AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations – References to the modern world – ‘the trenches of France’ (see BC) – Humour – ‘you will be led by hand to the Countess’s larder’ (see PIB, COW) Gothic Features Weather/setting – ‘cracked mirrors’ – the Countess does not bear a reflection – ‘Too many roses’ – roses are beautiful and dangerous like her – Bird in the cage symbolises her entrapment in her vampiric body – ‘she likes to hear it announce how it cannot escape’ – Predatory females – ‘the fangs and talons of a beast of prey’ yet she evokes sympathy as she tries to change her fate – ‘Fee Fie Fo Fum’ places her in the role of the villain, ‘Sleeping Beauty’ places her in the role of the victim – Supernatural – Soldier does not believe in supernatural: ‘this lack of imagination gives heroism to the hero’ Foreshadowing – The Tarot cards change for the first time ever The Werewolf Quotes – ‘they have cold weather, they have cold hearts’ – ‘supernumerary nipple’ – ‘Harsh, brief, poor lives. ’ – ‘she prospered’ – ‘they stone her to death’ Characters – Child – ‘good child’ – ‘coat of sheepskin’ – Wolf – ‘grizzled chops’ – ‘less brave than they seem’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Very unemotional in places – ‘they stone her to death’, ‘she prospered’ – detached narrator – Tricolons emphasise repetition and simplicity of their lives †“ ‘harsh, brief, poor lives’ Extensive description of superstitions highlights their importance – also seen in Company of Wolves – Pathetic fallacy – ‘cold weather†¦ cold hearts’ – setting mirrors personalities of inhabitants – Very simple language – fairy tale language, childlike, simple to understand – Structure – Isolated paragraph with one sentence – ‘Winter and cold weather. ’ AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations – Superstition – ‘wreaths of garlic on the doors’ (see COW, EK, LOHOL) Gothic Features – Weather/setting – Pathetic fallacy – Supernatural – Superstitions – wolves, witches, devil – Foreshadowing Descriptions of superstitions at the beginning The Company of Wolves Quotes – ‘you are always in danger in the forest’ – ‘a man who vani shed clear away on her wedding night’ – ‘the forest closed upon her like a pair of jaws’ – ‘they are grey as famine’ – ‘you will suffer’ – ‘we try and try’ – ‘blood on snow’ – ‘Quack, quack! went the duck’ Characters – Heroine – ‘she is an unbroken egg’ – ‘she knew she was nobody’s meat’ – ‘she has just started her woman’s bleeding’ – ‘so pretty’ – Wolf – ‘the tender wolf’ – ‘fear and flee the wolf’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning Language – Narrator addresses the reader – ‘you are always in danger’, ‘you will suffer’, ‘we try and try’ – Written as if to recreate the oral tradition of fairytales – ‘Quack, quack! went the duck’ – ‘hurl your Bible at him’, ‘call on Christ†¦but it won’t do you any good’, It is Christmas Day, the werewolves’ birthday’, ‘canticles of the wolves’ – undermining religion (canticle = short song/hymn) – ‘The forest closed on her like a pair of jaws’ – isolated simile, only sentence in paragraph, highlight isolated setting – typically Gothic (see ‘Dead as his wives’ simile in BC = isolated) Fairytale – ‘What big eyes you have’, ‘All the better to see you with’ (‘All the better to see you’ = BC) – Metaphor – ‘night and forest has come into the kitchen’ – Structure – Lengthy introduction highlights importance of superstitions and wolves in the lives of the people – Opens reader’s mind to the supernatural – it is common here à ¢â‚¬â€œ No speech marks increase the strangeness of the story – also, there would be no speech marks in oral tradition AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations – Fairy tale motifs (see BC, EK, LOTHOL) – Personification of the woods (see EK) Gothic Features Religion – ‘you must run as if the Devil were after you’ – Weather/setting – Personification of the forest ‘like a pair of jaws’, also simile, similar to EK – Night time setting – typically Gothic, increases ambiguity – Dominant male – wolf – Non-passive female – she laughs at him, ‘she knew she was nobody’s meat’ Wolf Alice Quotes – ‘the corners of his bloody chamber’ – room of clothes where Duke’s prey live – ‘it showed us what we could have been’ – ‘her pace is not our pace’ – ‘the wise child who leads them all’ Characters – Duke – ‘his eyes see only appetite’ – ‘he is white as leprosy’ Wolf Alice – ‘not wolf or woman’ AO2 – language, form and structure and how they shape meaning – Language – Carter quickly allies herself with the reader and separates Wolf-Alice – ‘her pace is not our pace’ – Religious reference to Garden of Eden – ‘wise child who leads them all’ – Duke is ‘cast into the role of the corpse-eater’ – not the whole truth? – ‘She could not put her finger on’ – finger in italics, reminds us she is human AO3 – connections between texts and different interpretations Gothic Features – Weather/setting – Duke’s castle – Gothic reinterpretation of the fairytale castle ‘Moony metamorphic weather’ – setting mirrors Duke – Presence of the moon – time, menstruation, Gothic night time, when the Duke is awake – Graveyard settings – Dominant males – Duke – not a real man, doesn’t cast a reflection, doesn’t have a soul, does have physical strength, doesn’t talk to her – ‘separate solitudes’ – Passive females – Wolf-Alice is a strong female, physically, and becomes intellectually stronger throughout the story – Supernatural – Duke is a werewolf/vampire – Superstition/religion – ‘Young husband’ fills a church with silver bullets, holy water, ‘bells, books and candles’ How to cite The Bloody Chamber Notes, Essay examples

Cell Reproduction free essay sample

Cell Reproduction Eric Gonzalez Strayer University Week 4 Lab Professor Lynn Roginsky 22 Jul 11 Cell Reproduction The goal of this week’s lab is to explore the effects cancerous cells can have on tissue in the lungs, stomach, and ovaries. Using a microscope and slideshow and based on readings in the lab the following are answers to questions asked in the experiment. Based on the data gathered from observation differences in normal cells and cancerous ones have revealed themselves. Most notably in normal cells is there’s much less multiplying and a more even spacing among the cells. One of the fundamental characteristics of cancer cells is their uncontrolled growth and through the microscope this behavior is seen in an increased rate of cell division and in the failure of tumor cells to die (Cancer, 2011) Having unlimited growth means that cancerous cells could potentially invade everywhere in your body causing fatal complications. After the experiencing the lab it appears that ovarian cancer is the most aggressive. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Reproduction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the slides from normal to cancerous there was much more activity in the ovary sample. The cancerous ovary slide showed a greater number of cancerous cells dividing than that of the cancerous lung and stomach. However, the samples of the stomach were very close to that of the ovary which does show the threat the potential damage stomach cancer can have on the body. For the ovaries though the higher rate of multiplying meant that it’s growth of cancer cells was the most aggressive of the three. The mitotic index was brought up as diction in the lab. According to the reference in the lab, the mitotic index is the ratio of dividing cells to the total number of cells in the sample. Tissues that are cancerous have a higher mitotic index than that of normal tissues. This is due to the fact that cancerous cells have an uncontrollable reproduction rate which allows for quicker division among the cells. For example the amount of cells shown in the normal ovary sample was twenty-one with only three currently going through the division phase equating to a fourteen percent index. The cancerous ovary sample showed twenty cells with eight currently dividing reaching a mitotic index of forty percent. Therefore cancerous cells have a higher mitotic index. In conclusion the lab provided insight of how cancerous cells can differ depending on the tissue they are infecting. Each sample showed a brief insight on the differences between a normal tissue and a cancerous one. Without having additional slides and samples on other various tissue of the human body or a more specific time lapse it is hard to know the effects cancer can have on a tissue cell from day one to date of experimentation. This lab has been able to show though that normal tissue cells are constantly looking to balance their existence with each other by keeping a low mitotic index to only replace those cells that die off. Obviously that is the exact opposite goal of cancer which in the samples shown were only looking to overtake the tissue and keep reproducing with no end in sight. References: Cancer. (2011). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/92230/cancer

Written Case Analysis Essay Example

Written Case Analysis Essay Perdue Farms sought not to just provide quality chicken to their customers, but to exceed their customers expectations. Simply put, the superior quality of their product differentiated their brand from that of any other chicken on the market (Daft, 2010, p. 41). However, as the market grew and competitors also improved the quality of their product the degree to which this differentiated Perdue in the marketplace decreased and it became clear that quality was no longer enough (p. 51). Perdue, recognizing this, put a new focus on customer service by working toward becoming indispensible to the customer by giving them what they want, where and when they want it (p. 51). This lofty goal forces Perdue to perform what is turning out to be a precarious balancing act between productivity and quality and their current organizational structure may be compounding the problem further. Having undergone at least one major organizational shift, Perdue Farms is always seeking ways to improve their overall efficiency and effectiveness. Initially, their extremely vertical hierarchy kept decision making in the hands of topmost management (Daft, 2010, p. 44). Employees were expected to do what the jobs they were assigned and do them well. As the industry grew though so did Perdue Farms. After considerable expansion and a number of acquisitions in the 1980s the company sought to decentralize its operations by creating several business units that would be responsible for their own operations. The resulting inefficiencies caused by duplication and increased administrative costs forced the company to refocus their efforts on efficiency and improving communication throughout the company while still keeping quality as their number one goal. (p. 43) With decentralization employees began to become more involved in decision making process (p. 44). Despite this decentralization, to day Perdue still maintains a very vertical hierarchy in order to maintain absolute control (p. 46) because quality is still their main concern. We will write a custom essay sample on Written Case Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Written Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Written Case Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Going to great lengths to produce the highest quality chicken in the exact manner they promise their customers Perdue refuses to outsource any portion of the process. Instead they maintain complete control of the process, from creating their own feed and growing their own stock, to processing and transporting the final product. This ensures that no resources are wasted, nor are shortcuts taken that might compromise the quality of the chicken. (Daft, 2010, pp. 45-46) As the regional and global market for chicken grows however, maintaining these operations becomes inherently more difficult and new issues surface with the increased production. With chicken being the most popular meat in the United States and quickly gaining similar popularity around the world Perdue Farms and other chicken producers are working hard to keep up with demand. The short shelf-life of fresh chicken makes the job of forecasting how many chickens to grow to meet demand 18 months later vital and difficult. Failure to forecast correctly could result in detrimental shortages or overages that may cost Perdue more than just money, but major contracts with vendors. (Daft, 2010, p. 49) Demand is not the only difficulty Perdue is facing however, for as production increases to meet demand so do environmental and safety issues. Increased workloads and demands for absolute efficiency are going to take their toll on workers and increased production is going to ultimately have an impact on the environment. Perdue has, for the most part, maintained a very proactive stance on these issues by creating different committees and processes to improve working conditions and lessen environmental impact. While these programs appear successful and some of the changes have resulted in additional revenue for Perdue, such as selling waste products as manure, the overall costs for these programs have been significant. (Daft, 2010, pp. 46-47) Furthermore, some experts do not feel these measures are enough and are calling for conservation measures that would decrease the number of chickens allowed in a chicken house or force house to close for a period of time each year which could ultim ately decrease production and efficiency at Perdue (pp. 48-49). Beyond any governmental control that might negatively affect Perdue these issues may also negatively impact consumer perception. With environmental and animal activists shouting, stories of inhumane conditions and chicken coop protests littering the headlines (Daft, 2010, p. 46) Perdue has to work hard to maintain their customers trust (p. 49) as this trust is an important part of their new differentiation model (p. 51). Perdues customers have to believe that the chicken they purchase is not only of the highest quality, but trust that it achieved that quality a way that they feel comfortable with. It is only once the customer trusts that what they are purchasing is indeed what they truly want, that the rest falls into place. Unfortunately, as the market grows and Perdue increases production to meet demand the opportunity to lose face with already established customers and potential new ones also increases. Perdues extremely vertical structure puts those at the top of the hierarchy in the decision making roles. While the overall organization is diversified the subdivisions of the company sport tightly vertical hierarchies which, according to our text, help keep Perdue in control of every aspect of production. It is this utter need for control that may derail Perdues efforts. While a very vertical hierarchy worked well for Perdue when it was a smaller company, many things about the company and its external environments have changed. Initially, workers were unskilled and ill-educated. That is changing as those in management hold degrees and Perdue offers educational opportunities to its employees. Also, as mentioned before, Perdue can no longer compete only on the premise of quality, but must differentiate the brand in another way and thus change their practices to best exemplify these new goals. Because Perdue wishes to distinguish itself from its competitors based on exceptional customer service they must create a differentiation strategy (Daft, 2010, p. 67). As noted earlier, Perdue wishes to become so easy to do business with that their customers would simply have no reason to go elsewhere. They further explain how they are going to do this by stating that they wish to be indispensible to the customer providing what they need, when and where they need it. (p. 51) To do this Perdue must be able to forecast what their customers want and when they will want them, then get them to the location they need them at in a timely manner. According to Richard Daft this type of innovation requires creative employees (p. 68) working in a flexible environment that encourages learning and discovery (p. 73). Perdues current vertical structure may stifle the fluidity necessary to allow for this innovation. While a more chaotic organizational type would not likely be a good fit for Perdue o verall, adapting the appropriate subdivisions into a more fluid mechanism with a flatter hierarchy would likely improve communication, creativity, and flexibility (p. 31) all of which would better support Perdues new goal set. Implementing this flatter hierarchy, but to a lesser extent, throughout the company could also go a long way in further improving working conditions without increasing the already high costs. While management and researchers may mean well when they look and how processes can be improved for safety or efficiency reasons, they do not always have all of the data since they do not work in those positions. It is the actual worker who performs these tasks daily that has the greatest understanding of their function and, when empowered to do so, a likely candidate to offer innovative solutions to current problems (Daft, 2010, p. 34). As suggested by Daft, employees must be rewarded for their creativity and risk-taking (p. 72) rather than simply expected to continue to do only what they are told. Rather they should be encouraged to search for solutions to the problems they encounter each day. Furthermore, to help keep Perdue competitive and better support their differentiation strategy they should consider building relationships outside of their customers such as Wyeth Pharmaceuticals did with Accenture (Daft, 2010, p. 89). This type of relationship would allow Perdue to focus on what it knows how to do best, produce quality chickens, while allowing another company to use its talents and resources to improve Perdues efficiency in areas they may not be as comfortable in. However, because Perdue is steadfast about maintaining control of every aspect of production this would be a difficult move that would require a great amount of trust in any company they decided to work with. Therefore, selecting those areas that do not directly relate to production would be the most feasible such as research and development regarding environmental impact, employee education and benefits, and administrative functions. These steps would create a more flexible and fluid company. This flexibility would serve Perdue well and make it easier for them to change proactivity with the growing market. This ability to change and adapt is an absolute necessity for Perdue given the growing competitiveness of the market and their new focus on customer service. Without these changes, Perdues undying focus on quality could potentially become lost as their drive to keep up with market demands increases. By creating a more collaborative and innovative environment now while their focus is still clear they will be able to better maneuver to achieve their goals while still maintaining the values instilled by their founder, Arthur W. Perdue.

Free Essays on Language Skill And Job Market

Have you ever thought of those huge benefits that the knowledge of many different languages earns you in today’s globalized market sector? Not yet! Then you better start learning new languages and possess good communicative skills in all those that you learn because, with the world turning towards more globalization kind of perspectives, you will definitely need those skills to earn you a decent job in the present and the future. This is the topic that my paper will present to you. The point that I am trying to make is that in today’s globalized world, corporations and big service sectors are trying to look for employees with multi-lingual knowledge and good communicative skills because, the whole economy of these developed nations has over the century changed from and industrialized to a service kind. The primary source for my paper is certainly the lecture by Ms. Monica Heller on the topics of globalization and its effect of the language skills that people need to possess to earn a living. This lecture event by Ms. Heller was called ‘Language & Globalization’ and was about an hour long. The event that this paper talks about was one, which to a large extent discusses the evil strategies that globalization inculcates into the employers in the service sector. Ms. Heller also spoke about the ways in which everything today is being seen as a commodity in this all-spreading globalization market economy. The lecture she gave had specific examples pertaining to the service sector in present Canadian economy. Her lecture began with the definitions of two most popular terms in the service sector that Canada has; the first term was ‘Francophones’ and the other was ‘Anglophones’. Now surely they might be new to us but they have an internal meaning to these people, who are either from French speaking community or from English speaking one. It’s interesting how these employees are named according to the language that they spea... Free Essays on Language Skill And Job Market Free Essays on Language Skill And Job Market Have you ever thought of those huge benefits that the knowledge of many different languages earns you in today’s globalized market sector? Not yet! Then you better start learning new languages and possess good communicative skills in all those that you learn because, with the world turning towards more globalization kind of perspectives, you will definitely need those skills to earn you a decent job in the present and the future. This is the topic that my paper will present to you. The point that I am trying to make is that in today’s globalized world, corporations and big service sectors are trying to look for employees with multi-lingual knowledge and good communicative skills because, the whole economy of these developed nations has over the century changed from and industrialized to a service kind. The primary source for my paper is certainly the lecture by Ms. Monica Heller on the topics of globalization and its effect of the language skills that people need to possess to earn a living. This lecture event by Ms. Heller was called ‘Language & Globalization’ and was about an hour long. The event that this paper talks about was one, which to a large extent discusses the evil strategies that globalization inculcates into the employers in the service sector. Ms. Heller also spoke about the ways in which everything today is being seen as a commodity in this all-spreading globalization market economy. The lecture she gave had specific examples pertaining to the service sector in present Canadian economy. Her lecture began with the definitions of two most popular terms in the service sector that Canada has; the first term was ‘Francophones’ and the other was ‘Anglophones’. Now surely they might be new to us but they have an internal meaning to these people, who are either from French speaking community or from English speaking one. It’s interesting how these employees are named according to the language that they spea...

Critical Analysis of Decision-making of a Student Nurse Assessment Essay

Critical Analysis of Decision-making of a Student Nurse Assessment Process - Essay Example This approach adheres to the mentor standards of providing students with constructive feedbacks. Roslyn also appears to have some reservations regarding Gina’s level of competence, a factor which might affect her assessment as a mentor. However, a mentor must also assess a student’s total performance such as the skills, attitudes and behaviors. Finally, Roslyn also considered getting the opinion of her colleagues and team members regarding the performance of Gina, which is a good point. This is so because Gina is also working with other members of the health team staff aside from her mentor Roslyn. The standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives by the Nursing and Midwifery council points out the importance of working with others to help protect and promote the well being of those in their care. Furthermore, the code also states that a mentor is expected to can consult from colleagues when appropriate while practicing fairness and non-discrimina tion. The NMC recognizes that the assessment contribution by others is a part of interprofessional learning. The following issues were raised by her team members—Gina’s tardiness, lack of initiative, poor knowledge of basic concepts and lastly her poor communication skills. In addition to this, the NMC code reiterates that a mentor must facilitate their student’s competency development. However, the resulting document of Gina’s assessment appeared to have only stated a general view about Gina’s performance. This is where the issues arise. While it is true that Roslyn mentioned during the interview the concerns regarding Gina’s communication skills, it was not stated on the final assessment paper itself. The paper on the... This essay stresses that starting off with the conduct of the assessment, the mentor Roslyn initially shows a sense of professionalism by organizing a plan of the interview. According to the Nursing and Midwifery Council mentor standards, mentors are responsible and accountable for co-ordinating and organizing student learning activities. The standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives by the Nursing and Midwifery council points out the importance of working with others to help protect and promote the well being of those in their care. This report makes a conclusion that Roslyn’s final decision made rise to issues of its accuracy and accountability. The good point about Roslyn’s assessment process was that she was able to inform Gina during the midpoint interview on Gina’s achievements and improvements. Her colleagues’ comments and concerns were also laid out during the interview. However, the final document of the assessment decision lacks all the other assessment results such as the colleagues’ comments regarding Gina’s performance and level of knowledge. In other terms, Roslyn had the difficulty of giving Gina an impression of a failing grade. Finally, it was not documented in the final decision about Gina’s need to make communication a further area for development. Therefore, the result of Roslyn’s final assessment paper on Gina’s performance did not exhibit enough fairness and accuracy.

Innovation, Ethics & Change-Hypocrisy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Innovation, Ethics & Change-Hypocrisy - Essay Example The resistance change is human nature and the employees should undergo certain training to accept change. The managers are also encouraged to ensure the employees’ opinions with regard to certain changes, whether positive or negative is not held against them. This discourse is about guidance to help employees accept change within organizations. There are several reasons why various employees resist change. Some employees could be perfect in their areas of duties. For instance, an employee could choose to associate himself with other races or tribes as this could seem as a let down to his personality and even the family. Such employees will always address his peers sarcastically to discourage them from further participation. The managers should identify such employees and guide them or counsel them since such attitude could limit the overall productivity of an organization ( Kegan & Lahey 2001). Mistakes in any working organizations are to both the employees and even the managers. The global financial crisis was a mistake of the topmost leaders in the financial institutions as well as the legislators. The legislators involved despised opinions of various experts and their decisions still have an impact on the global economy to the current date. We may have the urge to accept change but there are factors called the sidetracks that may limit our abilities to embrace such changes. One of the sidetracks is the ‘forces within’ and these are our personal thoughts that encourage resistance to change. This could also be attributed to the people surrounding us. The emotional attachment could also hinder us from accepting changes, for instance, Yahoo boss turned down deal termed as one of its kind, when Microsoft was ready to buy its search engine at $22 B, in 2008.

Role Of Bureau Of Energy Efficiency Construction Essay

Role Of Bureau Of Energy Efficiency Construction Essay The Government of India set up Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) on 1st March 2002 under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The mission of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to assist in developing policies and strategies with a thrust on self-regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy. This will be achieved with active participation of all stakeholders, resulting in accelerated and sustained adoption of energy efficiency in all sectors. Mission: The mission of Bureau of Energy Efficiency is to institutionalize energy efficiency services, enable delivery mechanisms in the country and provide leadership to energy efficiency in all sectors of the country. The primary objective would be to reduce energy intensity in the economy.   Objectives: To exert leadership and provide policy  recommendation and direction to national energy conservation and efficiency efforts and programs.   To coordinate energy efficiency and conservation policies and programs and take it to the stakeholders To establish systems and procedures to measure, monitor and verify energy efficiency  results in individual sectors as well as at a macro level. To leverage multi-lateral and bi-lateral and private sector support in implementation of  Energy Conservation Act and efficient use of energy and its conservation programs. To demonstrate delivery of energy efficiency services as mandated in the EC bill through  private-public partnerships. Provide a policy  recommendation and direction to national energy conservation activities Coordinate policies and programmes on efficient use of energy with shareholders Establish systems and procedures to verify, measure and monitor Energy Efficiency (EE)    improvements Leverage multilateral, bilateral and private sector support to implement the EC Act  2001 Demonstrate EE delivery systems through public-private partnerships The Bureau would obtain inputs and co-opt expertise from private sector, non-governmental organizations, research institutions and technical agencies, both national and international, to achieve these objectives. Energy Conservation Act 2001: Recognizing the fact that efficient use of energy and its conservation is the least-cost option to mitigate the gap between demand and supply, Government of India has enacted the Energy Conservation Act 2001 and established Bureau of Energy Efficiency . The mission of BEE is to develop policy and strategies with a thrust on self regulation and market principles, within the overall framework of the EC Act with the primary objective of reducing energy intensity of the Indian economy. The EC Act provides for institutionalizing and strengthening delivery mechanism for energy efficiency services in the country and provides the much-needed coordination between the various entities. This act created Bureau Of Energy Efficiency in order to implement the features of the act at central and state level. The salient features of this act are as follows: Reduction of energy consumption using efficiency and conservation measures. Reduce the need to create new capacity, hence saving the resources and green house gases emission. Secure environmental benign and sustainable growth. Stimulate market transformation in favor of energy efficient products and appliances. Energy Consumption Trends: The following graph shows the breakup of energy consumption(%) according to the sectors: This graph shows the energy consumption(%) trend in commercial buildings Total no. of units of energy consumed in commercial buildings are 33 billion units This graph shows the energy comsumtion(%) trend in residential bulidings Total no. of units of energy consumed in residential buildings are 116 billion units. Role of BEE: BEE co-ordinates with designated consumers, designated agencies and other organizations and recognize, identify and utilize the existing resources and infrastructure, in performing the functions assigned to it under the Energy Conservation Act 2001. The Energy Conservation Act 2001 provides for regulatory and promotional functions Functions of BEE: The Major Regulatory Functions of BEE include: Develop minimum energy performance standards and labeling design for equipment and appliances Develop specific Energy Conservation Building Codes Activities focusing on designated consumers Develop specific energy consumption norms   Certify Energy Managers and Energy Auditors   Accredit Energy Auditors   Define the manner and periodicity of mandatory energy audits   Develop reporting formats on energy consumption and action taken on the recommendations of the energy auditors   The Major Promotional Functions of BEE include: Create awareness and disseminate information on energy efficiency and conservation   Arrange and organize training of personnel and specialists in the techniques for efficient use of energy and its conservation Strengthen consultancy services in the field of energy conservation   Promote research and development   Develop testing and certification procedures and promote testing facilities Formulate and facilitate implementation of pilot projects and demonstration projects Promote use of energy efficient processes, equipment, devices and systems Take steps to encourage preferential treatment for use of energy efficient equipment or appliances   Promote innovative financing of energy efficiency projects Give financial assistance to institutions for promoting efficient use of energy and its conservation   Prepare educational curriculum on efficient use of energy and its conservation   Implement international co-operation programmes relating to efficient use of energy and its conservation Schemes Under BEE The aim of this institution is to stimulate market transformation and initiate other interventions in favor of Demand Side Management and Energy Efficiency in the country. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency has initiated many schemes for improving energy efficiency and many of them are DSM measures also. They are being entertained under the provisions of the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. The programmes under BEE are mentioned below: Lighting Demand Side Management Standards Labeling Programme Energy conservation Building code Investment Grade Audits in Buildings Star rating and labeling of buildings Municipal Demand Side Management Agriculture Demand Side Management Lighting Demand Side Management: The large contribution of (domestic, commercial and street) lighting to peak loads makes it attractive for the utility to offer incentives for the adoption of efficient lighting practices by consumers. This would result in reduction of costly peak-load power procurement. This has led some distribution companies to incentivize purchase of Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) by the consumers. BEE has initiated Bachat Lamp Yojana (BLY) Scheme to promote energy efficient lighting in India. Bachat Lamp Yojana is a program by the government of India under this scheme to reduce the cost of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs, i.e., energy saving lights) sold to consumers. Three types of ICL lamp wattages commonly in use viz. 40 W, 60 W and 100 W are likely for replacement under the BLY scheme. The BLY scheme upon implementation would result in reducing an estimated : 6000 MW of electricity generation capacity translating into a potential saving of INR 24000 crores per annum Combined GHG emission savings on replacing an estimated 400 million ICLs with CFLs would result in reducing 20 million tonnes of (CO2) from grid-connected power plants. There are no mandatory requirements in India requiring the use of energy efficient CFL at the household level. Hence, the BEE has prepared a unique project design where three key players the BEE, the investors and the Electricity Distribution Companies (DISCOMs) come together and supply the households with CFLs voluntarily. To bridge the cost differential between the market price of the CFLs and the price at which they are distributed to households, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is harnessed. The investor would cover the project cost through the sale of Green house gas (GHG) emission reductions achieved in their respective project areas. (Source: http://www.bee-dsm.in) Standards Labeling Programme: The Standards and Labeling programme is a key thrust area of BEE. Central Government, under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 has powers to direct display of labels on specified appliances or equipment. The objectives of this program is to provide the consumer an informed choice about the energy saving, and thereby the cost saving potential of the marketed household appliances or other equipment. This is expected to impact the energy savings in the medium and long run while at the same time it will position domestic industry to compete in such markets where norms for energy efficiency are mandatory. The scheme was launched by the Honble Minister of Power on 18 May 2006 and is currently invoked for 10 equipments/appliances, e.g. ACs, Tube lights, Refrigerators, Distribution Transformers, Motors, Geysers, Ceiling fans, Color TVs, Agricultural pump sets and LPG stoves, of which the first 4 are being notified under mandatory labeling from 6th January, 2010. In the future, the scheme will cover several more domestic and industrial equipments and appliances with the objective of conserving the power consumed by these. The programme seeks to: Introduce Notification for mandatory labeling. Have an extensive and sustained outreach and awareness campaign to educate consumers. Include 20 high energy consuming end use equipments and appliances by 2012. Initiate check testing by an Independent Agency (RITES) to ensure credibility of the scheme. Stimulate market transformation in favor of energy efficient equipments and appliances that adhere to Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS). (Source: http://www.bee-dsm.in) Energy Conservation Building Code Energy Efficiency in Existing Building programme: What are ECBC? ECBC set minimum energy efficiency standards for design and construction. ECBC encourage energy efficient designs or retrofit of buildings so that it does not constraints the building function, comfort, health productivity of the occupants. Moreover it has appropriate regards for economic considerations. The ECBC provides design norms for: Building envelope, including thermal performance requirements for walls, roofs, and windows; Lighting system, including day lighting, and lamps and luminaries performance requirements; HVAC system, including energy performance of chillers and air distribution systems; Electrical system; and Water heating and pumping systems, including requirements for solar hot-water systems. The code provides three options for compliance Compliance with the performance requirements for each subsystem and system; Compliance with the performance requirements of each system, but with tradeoffs between subsystems; and Building-level performance compliance. (Source: http://www.bee-dsm.in) Investment Grade Audits in Buildings: Energy audit studies in buildings have shown large potential for energy savings both in government and commercial office buildings. Study of the available data has shown that there is an urgent need for improved energy efficiency of buildings. BEE is promoting the implementation of energy efficiency measures in existing buildings through Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) which provide an innovative business model through which the energy-savings potential in existing buildings can be captured and the risks faced by building owners can also be addressed. The performance-contract based payments for energy savings achieved through the interventions carried out by the ESCO ensure that savings are achieved and that the payments by the building owners to the ESCO are related to the achievement of these savings. (Source: http://www.bee-dsm.in) Star Rating and Labeling of Buildings: The Star Rating Program for buildings would create a demand in the market for energy efficient buildings based on actual performance of the building in terms of specific energy usage. This programme would rate office buildings on a 1-5 Star scale with 5 Star labeled buildings being the most efficient. Five categories of buildings office buildings, hotels, hospitals, retail malls, and IT Parks in five climate zones in the country have been identified for this programme. Initially, the programme targets the following 3 climatic zones for air-conditioned and non- air-conditioned office buildings: Warm and Humid Composite Hot and Dry It will be subsequently extended to other climatic zones. To apply for rating of office buildings, a standardized format is developed for collection of actual energy consumption: data required includes buildings built up area, conditioned and non-conditioned area, type of building, hours of operation of the building in a day, climatic zone in which building is located, and other related information of the facility. The Technical Committee constituted for Energy Base lining and benchmarking of commercial buildings chaired by Director General, Bureau of Energy Efficiency shall be the technical committee for the scheme. (Source: http://www.bee-dsm.in) Municipal Demand Side Management: The global trend towards increased urbanization requires municipal bodies to provide services such as streetlights, solid waste management, sewage treatment disposal, etc. All these activities consume significant amount of electricity, usually in an inefficient manner. The cost of energy sometimes constitutes more than 50% of the municipalitys budget and implementing efficiency measures could reduce it by at least 25%. There is a potential to save around 10 billion rupees by implementing energy efficiency measures. Almost all municipal bodies depend on government support to meet their development and operating expenses. Government of India, through the Bureau of Energy Efficiency has initiated a programme to cover 175 municipalities in the country by conducting investment grade energy audits and preparation of detailed project reports. Energy Service Companies are being encouraged to take up the implementation of the programme with the help of financial institutions. Utilities must encourage implementation of DSM measures to relieve their network of such inefficient load. (Source: http://www.bee-dsm.in) Agriculture Demand Side Management: Agriculture accounts for about 27% of electricity consumption in the country, which is increasing due to rural electrification efforts of the Government. The electricity is largely used in agricultural pump sets which generally have very poor efficiency. Most of the pilot projects as well as other studies project potential of 45-50% by mere replacement of inefficient pumps. Overall electricity savings (from 20 million pumps) is estimated at 62.1 billion units annually. This is estimated to translate in to the yearly savings of 18000 crores, which reduce the subsidy burden of states with that same amount. Since agricultural tariffs are usually the lowest and also highly subsidized, there is no incentive to the agricultural consumer to improve efficiency of the pump set. However, utilities are not able to recover economic price on every unit of energy sold to these categories of consumers and therefore need to aggressively target these consumers for DSM measures. BEE has prepared an Ag ricultural DSM (Ag. DSM) programme in which pump set efficiency upgradation could be carried out by an Energy Service Company (ESCOs) or the distribution company. The Ag-DSM programme for preparation of DPRs has already been initiated by BEE as pilot projects in 5 states, viz, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab Rajasthan. One DPR in Solapur dist of Maharashtra is ready for implementation purpose. The result of the study is encouraging with the saving potential of 40% by replacement of inefficient pumps with Star rated pump sets. BEE is also developing a methodology for CDM in Ag-DSM project so that it becomes more attractive. The implementation for replacement of inefficient pumps with Star rated pump sets will be done through the ESCO/Utility who would invest in energy efficiency measures on a rural pump set feeder on which supply quality enhancements (such as feeder segregation High Voltage Direct Supply [HVDS]) have already been carried out. The intervention would lead to lo wer energy supply on the feeder, and hence, could result in lower subsidy to be paid by the State Government. Part of the savings in the subsidy would be paid to the ESCO/Utility on an annual basis, over a period of time, to pay for their investment in pump set upgradation. To ring-fence the payment security mechanism, a large Financial Institutions may be brought in to provide loan to the project as well as adequate payment security mechanism to the investors. Utilities can play the important role of Monitoring and Verification. Government, through BEE is providing resources to create a shelf of bankable DPRs in the agriculture sector to mainstream the scheme. The European Regulators Group for Electricity and Gas (ERGEG) is the European Commissions advisory body on internal EU energy market issues. It was set up on 11 November 2003 by a European Commission. ERGEG is charged with advising and assisting the European Commission in ensuring the creation and smooth functioning of the internal energy market in Europe. In 2007, the European Unions leaders pledged their agreement to energy-climate objectives known as 20-20-20 i.e. a binding 20% renewable energy target by the year 2020, reducing Europes CO2 emissions by 20% by 2020 (and by 30% if there is an international agreement), and increasing overall energy efficiency by 20% by 2020. In January 2008 the European Commission published its Climate Change and Energy Package, designed to meet these objectives.

Latvia and Great

Due today : Outline the answers to the following questions: Thesis: Before Peter the Great, Russia was more of an Asian nation than a European nation. A. Give one argument to support this statement B. Bullet two ways by which Peter the Great tried to westernize Russia C. Name one territory he gained for Russia D. Explain one reason why Catherine the Great was interested in extending her empire to the Black Sea. A. Before Peter the Great, Russia was more of an Asian nation than a European nation. a. i. Before Peter the Great, no Russian had the courage to even try to convertRussia into an westernized, European nation. When Peter the Great acquired power, he improved the Russian army, remodeled the social and economic structure of Russia and conquered territory towards Sweden to gain access to the Baltic Sea. B. Peter the Great tried to westernize Russia by: a. i. Applying European culture, including: clothing and life style and even forcing men to shave their long beards. a. ii. Impro ving: industry, military, housing, trading, manufacturing and agriculture by more taxes. C. Peter the Great gained many territories from 1700 to 1721.Peter the Great led Russia in a war against Sweden. From this war, Russia gained control over territory along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. This land gave Russia a direct approach by water to the rest of Europe. Peter attacked Persia and conquered territory along the Caspian Sea. These conquests helped Russia to expand its trade with other countries. D. Catherine the Great was interested in extending her empire towards the Black Sea because: a. i. She wanted to continue the expansionist policies of Peter the Great and conquer the black sea in order to please Russia's demands of sought warm ports.

History of Black Nurses Essay

Trained schools for students who wanted to pursue a career in nursing came about in the 1800s when Florence Nightingale advocated the idea. The only students that were accepted into these programs where white students, blacks were not allowed any education during this time. Blacks were not given equal rights as the white people, and were denied the right to have an education. There were many black young women who were very interested in nursing, and were dedicated to pursue their dream, and wouldn’t stop trying until they were given equal rights and accepted into these nursing programs. Some black women would follow along with the black soldiers in the Civil War and provide care to these wounded soldiers, as well as provide food, and also teach them to read and right. The first school of nursing was formed after two black men in Chicago, Illinois won the support of their community, and made a hospital out of a small brick building. The black people also came together to form the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, an organization formed to protect the black nursing profession, and to stop discrimination towards them. History of Black Nurses During the early 1800s nursing was mainly caring for the sick by family members or slaves. Nurses provided care in homes, and when World War I and II came about, nurses were sent off to provide care to the wounded soldiers. There was not a trained system for nurses to learn and gain experience in the profession, so all of the care that the sick were provided was by untrained nurses. It wasn’t until Florence Nightingale recognized the idea of providing a trained, organized system for nurses to learn before they worked as a professional nurse. Many schools arose out of her idea, however white students were only accepted into these nursing schools, blacks were not accepted. Black people were not given equal rights as the whites, and were denied the right for education and were therefore, denied acceptance into these nursing programs. Mary Eliza Mahoney was born to Charles and Mary Jane Mahoney in 1845, in Boston, Massachusetts. She began to show an interest in nursing when she was a teenager, and worked at the New England Hospital for Women and Children as an unofficial nurse aid, a cook, janitor, and washerwoman. When she was thirty-three years old, she was accepted to a nursing program. as one of forty-two, being the only black student, (Hines, 2004). Although she had to deal with racial discrimination and long hours of lectures and patient care, she made it to the end of the program as one of four. In 1879, she graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston, making her the first black professional nurse in the United States. After Mary Mahoney graduated from nursing school, she worked mainly as a private duty nurse for the next thirty years. Her work became widespread as a private duty nurse. Her patient’s loved her calmness, and professionalism, and she began receiving requests from different states, (Haltey, 2010). After working for private duty for thirty years, Mahoney opened a director of an orphanage in Long Island, New York, and remained there for the next ten years. In 1908, she became a cofounder to the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses, (Hines, 2004). Mary Mahoney became an inspiration to many black women wanting to pursue a career in nursing. She fought through discrimination, as well as the pressures of nursing school, and graduated with a nursing degree. She helped to open the door for the black population that wanted to become a professional nurse and put an end to the discrimination. Susie King Taylor was born a slave in 1848 on the Grest family farm in Georgia. When Susie was seven years old her owner, Mr. Grest, allowed her to move to Savannah with her Grandmother who had been previously freed by him, (MacLean, 2007). Susie was denied education because she was black , however, her Grandmother would not let this stop her from becoming educated. Susie was sent next door to the neighbor who taught her how to read and write for the next two years, and after she learned this, she was sent to a few other people to become educated. At 14 years old, Susie was taken by boat by Union Soldiers to St. Simon’s Island. Here she met her future husband, Edward King, an army sergeant. She worked with the First Regiment of South Carolina Volunteers, which was made up of slaves, who had been freed by the Union Army. Susie was asked to start a school for children on St. Simon’s Island, and she willingly agreed. Susie taught about forty children, and she also taught adults at night. (MacLean, 2007). In 1863, Susie traveled with her husband’s regiment. She became the first black nurse during the Civil War, and helped to care for wounded soldiers. During her off hours she taught the soldiers how to read and write, and also cooked and laundered for them. She wrote in her diary about the nursing shortages during the war, and was happy to provide nursing care to the sick soldiers. She continued to serve as a nurse until the war ended in 1865. (MacLean, 2007). When the war was over, her and her husband moved to Savannah, Georgie. In 1866 she opened a school for freed black children. Shortly after the school opened, and Susie gave birth to her son, her husband Edward King passed away. In the 1870s, Susie moved to Boston and remarried nine years later. She also joined and became president of the Women’s Relief Corps, which was an association for the Veterans of the Civil War. After being asked by the Women’s Relief Corps, as well as the Army, she agreed to write an autobiography about her experiences during the war. In 1902, Susie King Taylor published her autobiography, Reminiscneces of my Life in Camp: A Black Woman’s Civil War Memoirs, (MacLean, 2007). In 1902, Susie received a letter from the commanding officer in the First South Carolina volunteers stating, â€Å"I most sincerely regret that through a technicality you are barred from having your name placed on the roll of pensioners, as an Army nurse; for among all the number of heroic women whom the government is now rewarding, I know of no one more deserving than yourself,† (MacLean, 2007). Adah Thoms was born in 1870 in Richmond, Virginia. Before she pursued a nursing career, she attended school studying elocution and speech at Cooper Union. Shorty after, she attended the Women’s Infirmary and School of Therapeutic Massage and graduated in 1900. She was the only black woman of thirty students, (White, 2010). She also attended the Lincoln Hospital and Home School of Nursing. After graduating she became assistant superintendent of nurses at the Lincoln Hospital and Home School of Nursing for eighteen years. During her years there, she added another course to the nursing curriculum, public health, and made public health a recognized field of nursing, (White, 2010). Adah Thoms helped with Martha Franklin, and Mary Mahoney to organize the National Association for Colored Graduate Nurses, and was appointed as its first treasurer, and was later president of the organization for seven years. She was also very dedicated to ensuring equal opportunities for black nurses, and worked hard to try and achieve these rights. Thoms worked with the chairmen of the American Red Cross to convince the Surgeon General to allow black nurses to enroll in the Army Nurse Corps, (White, 2010). Black women would enlist to try and serve as nurses during World War I, however the Surgeon General refused to let any black nurses serve. Eighteen black women were eventually accepted to serve as nurses during WWI due to the nursing shortages, and were only allowed to provide care to black soldiers. (White, 2010). Thoms was recognized for her dedication to obtaining equal rights for black nurses. She added to the nursing curriculum, served in the NAGCN as treasurer and president, worked with the Red Cross to campaign for equal rights of black nurses, and opened the door for nurses to serve in the military. For her bravery and commitment, she was the first to receive the Mary Mahoney award when it was established in 1936, and was also inducted into the American Nursing Hall of Fame in 1976, (White, 2010) Mabel Keaton Staupers was born in 1890, in Barbados. In 1903 she moved with her family to the United States, and made a home in Harlem. She graduated from Freedman’s Hospital School of Nursing in Washington, DC in 1917, and began her nursing career as a private duty nurse. In 1920, she collaborated with Dr. Louis T. Wright, and Dr. James Wilson, to organize the Booker T. Washington Sanatorium, which was the first facility in Harlem where black doctors could treat black patients, (American Nurses Association, 2010). In 1922 she was assigned to create a survey for the Harlem area for the health needs of the community. With the results of this survey, the New York Tuberculosis and Health Association was organized, and Mabel Staupers was the first Executive Secretary, and kept this position for the next twelve years, (American Nurses Association, 2010). In 1934, Mabel was appointed as the first nurse executive of the NACGN. During this time she began a campaign for nurses to gain integration into the Armed Forces Nurses Corps, and by 1941 black nurses were allowed into the Army, but not with full integration, and the US navy continued to prevent black nurses from enrolling. Staupers gained the help of Eleanor Roosevelt, who was first lady at the time, and wrote a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt to recognize black nurses. With support from the public, the Army and Navy both accepted black nurses by January, 1945, (American Nurses Association, 2010). Mabel Staupers is recognized for ending the discrimination of colored nurses, and allowing the colored nurses full integration into the Armed Forces Nurses Corps. She was appointed president of the NACGN in 1949, and the association voted itself out in 1951, and merged with the American Nurses Association after their goal of full professional integration had been met. In 1951, Staupers was given the award for the Spingarn Medal from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and published an autobiography in 1961 called, No Time for Prejudice: A Story of the Integration of Negroes in Nursing in the United States, (American Nurses Association, 2010). The first school of nursing for blacks was formed in 1891 in Chicago Illinois, (Provident Hospital History, 2010). Emma Reynolds was a young black women trying to gain an education to pursue a career in nursing. She applied to nursing schools in Chicago, and had been denied by everyone, for the simple fact that she was a black woman. Her brother was Reverend Louis Reynolds, who felt that something should be done so that black women could be educated in nursing. He sought help from a respected black surgeon in Chicago, Dr. Daniel Hale Williams. The two of them gained support from their community, many blacks, and a few white citizens. They were given donations of supplies, equipment, and financial support. The Armour Meat Packing Company had secured a down payment on a three story brick house with twelve beds, that they turned into the first school of nursing for blacks, Provident Hospital, (Provident Hospital History, 2010). Many black nurses have made history as they were struggling for equal rights for their profession. During this struggle, the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses was formed in 1908, (Massey, 1993). The founder of this association was Martha Franklin, with cofounders Mary Eliza Mahoney, and Adah Thoms. This association was founded to fight discrimination towards black people who wanted an education in nursing, as well as being a part of the American Nurses Association. The association fought long and hard for their rights as equals, and led campaigns across the United States. One of its biggest achievements was successfully fighting for full integration of black nurses into the Armed Forces Nurses Corps. After black nurses were allowed to serve in the US Army and Navy, they were also allowed full integration into the ANA. After this association gained their right to become educated in nursing, be a part of the nurses in the US Army and Navy, and join the ANA, they voted their selves out and merged with the American Nurses Association in 1951, (Massey, 1993). The black population in the 1800s were not given equal rights as the white population. They were denied many rights, and education was one of them. Many brave women struggled to fight to put an end to discrimination, and to be able to pursue a career in the field that they loved, nursing. It took a lot of hard work and dedication, however they made it happened. These women opened the doors for other black people who wanted to become a professional nurse, and because of them all minorities are now welcome into the field of nursing.